III. FROM FLAT MATERIAL TO VOLUME : FOLDED PAPER

Low relief- Sculptural relief that projects very little from the background

'Churning of the milky ocean'


'Bellerophon: stone bas-relief'


'Hausa decorated building'


'Relief from Tomb of Ti'


'horse and rider low relief from Horemheb's tomb'



High relief- a relief in which forms and figures stand out from the background to half or more than half of their natural depth

"Arch of Emperor Septimius Severus" by Unknown


'Chola High Relief Sculpture of Shiva'


'Castle of Saint Peter in Bodrum: Architectural Fragment With High-relief Decoration'


'An Antiquity of Imagination' Tullio Lombardo


'panel on the Municipal Center Building of the District of Columbia'


Primary Contours- the shape of the outermost extremity of a form

Alexander Calder - wire sculpture


Elizabeth Berrian


'recycled steel horse sculpture' Holly Fisher


Line of Speed and Vortex


'Air Head' Larry Algaier



Secondary Contours- the form can be made to create its own shadows, which are than a part of its aesthetic as well as sculptural form

'Horse Sculpture' Jordan Askill


'Non-Violence' Karl Fredrik Reutersward


'The Thinker' Auguste Rodin


'Shark 6' Yon Ho Ji


'Wild Dog 6' Yon Ho Ji


Volume- mass or the representation of mass in art or architecture

'What Have We Become? Vol. 1' Nicholas Galanin


'Fat Car' Erwin Wurm


'Endoskeleton' Jacqueline Rush Lee


World sculpture at United Nations headquarters
"Sphere within Sphere" by Arnaldo Pomodoro


Puryear


Activated Space-

'LAVA' Peter Murphy


'Timelapse' Peter Murphy


(from the Ernst & Young building in Los Angeles)


'Cloud Gate' Anish Kapoor


'Rauru's Cusp'Peter Murphy

II. Line And Space

Straight lines – represents straight objects with negligible width and depth.

"Cubo Virtual" by Jesus Soto


'Pyramidian' Mark di Suvero


'Mother Peace' Mark di Suvero


'Concetto Spaziale' Lucio Fontana


"Open Geometric Sculptures 2-2,1-1" by Sol Le Witt


Curved Lines – Lines that are always bending and change gradually.

'Tumbleweed' Mark di Suvero


'Origins' Mark di Suvero


'Rust Angel' Mark Di Suvero


'Beethoven's Quartet' Mark Di Suvero


"Endless Wave" by Mark Di Suvero


Vertical lines – lines that go straight up and down.

Lucio Fontana


'Multiplo' Lucio Fontana


'Concetto spaziale' Lucio Fontana


'Concetto Spaziale' Lucio Fontana


"The Musical Fence" by Paul Matisse


Horizontal lines- line that goes left to right, parallel to the x-axis of the coordinate plane.

"Gate 3" by Bryan Tedrick


Lucio Fontana - Spacial Concept: Expectation


"Trusspiece" by Mark Di Suvero


Jim Bond - S6


"Of Memory" by Mark McClelland


Diagonal lines – line joining any two non-adjacent vertices of a polygon. Having a slanted or oblique direction.

'Concetto Spaziale' Lucio Fontana


'Orion' Mark di Suvero


'Motu' Mark di Suvero


'T8' Mark di Suvero


'Ave' Mark di Suvero



Actual lines – lines, which are physically, present in a design.

'Bornibus' Mark di_Suvero


'Are the Years What' Mark di Suvero


"Big Blue" by Nancy Cervenka


'Neruda's Gate' Mark di Suvero


"Slanted Block" by Richard Serran


Implied lines – lines that may not have been explicitly drawn, but that the composition of the work makes it appear that they are there.

Vassilakis Takis, Ohne Titel (Yellow Telesculpture)


Lucio Fontana


'Piatto concetto spaziale' Lucio Fontana


'Concetto spaziale' Lucio Fontana


'Concetto Spaziale' Lucio Fontana


Sight lines- the angles of visibility from the auditorium. An imagery line taken from any angle in the auditorium to determine unobstructed vision. Unobstructed line of vision. The sight line is the view the occupant has from the chair to the focal point of the presentation area of the auditorium.

Jeffrey Laudenslager - Hokusai


Sol Lewitt - Unknown


Mark DiSuvero - Oolompali


George Rickey - Two Lines Oblique


Sol Lewitt - Four-Sided Pyramid


Space – the unlimited expanse in which everything is located. An empty area. An area reserved for some particular purpose.

'Scarlatti' Mark Di Suvero


Sol Lewitt - Modular Cube


Kati Casida - Kata Kyoto


Mary Oros - Black in Blue


Sol Lewitt - Unknown


Presence in space – a state of fact of existing, occurring, or being present in a place.

'Arikidea' Mark di Suvero


Henk Hofstra - Eggcident


Ball and Nogues - Maximilian's Schell


Jacqueline Kyoda - Outdoor Box


Jacqueline Kyoda - Popcorn Chair


Absence in space-the state, occasion or period of being away from a place.

Isamu Noguchi - Black Sun


Dennis Oppenhiem - Chair Pool


Dennis Oppenhiem - Bat Flying Out of a Cat's Ear


John Duff - Equilateral Torus II


Unknown Artist/Title


Opened and closed space – a space of infinite volume and with or without any boundary.

'Beethoven's Quartet' Mark Di Suvero


The boxers by Keith Haring


'Destino' Mark Di Suvero


Serial Project 1 by Sol LeWitt


"Marfa Texas" by Donald Judd


Kinetic form- term used to describe a situation related to or produced by motion, the goal of kinetic form is to express perpetual motion through its immovable structure. Energy contained in a moving mass or in a moving particle.

'Flamingo' Mark di Suvero


'Pax Jerusalemme' Mark di Suvero


'Lau Tzu' Mark di Suvero


'Aurora' Mark di Suvero


The Gates (Central Park) by Christo and Jeanne-Claude


Proximity – the property of being close together. The region close around a person or thing. A gestalt principle of organization holding that objects or events that are near to one another are perceived as belonging together as a unit. Closeness, the state of being near as in space, time, or relationship.

'Johnny Appleseed' Mark di Suvero


"Green" by Nathan Sawaya


"Two Loves" by Dick Kappel


"Behold" Ron Isaacs


"Man Levitates" by Luh Mas Sri Pertamiari


Closure – closing: approaching destination. A rule for limiting or ending debate in a deliberative body. A gestalt principle of organization holding that there is an innate tendency to perceive incomplete objects as complete and to close or fill gaps and to perceive asymmetric stimuli as symmetric.

Jesus Rafael Soto, Nylon Cube


"Split X" by Lynn Chadwick


"Ring Neste" by Mark Di Suvero


"Praise of the Horizon" by Eduardo Chillida


Jason DeCaires Taylor